How is hand-foot-and-mouth disease spread?

HFMD is very contagious and spreads through direct contact with the bodily fluids (e.g. nasal discharge, saliva, throat discharge), fluid from the blistering HFMD sores and stool of an infected person. HFMD can also spread when an infected person coughs or sneezes, or through contaminated surfaces, such as utensils, toys and telephones.

HFMD is most common among children, and can spread rapidly wherever groups of children are in close contact (e.g. childcare centers, play group classes, and schools). Outbreaks in child care facilities and schools usually coincide with an increased number of cases in the community.

Advice for parents

If your child has symptoms of HFMD, consult a doctor early. Since HFMD is caused by a virus, antibiotics is not effective and is not indicated. However, your physician may prescribe some medications to relieve the symptoms of fever or sore mouth. Do ensure that your child drink plenty of fluids to prevent dehydration (a common complication) and get as much rest as possible until symptoms subside. Stay alert for signs of drowsiness or breathing difficulty – if these occur, send your child to the hospital as soon as possible.

Children who are infected should be kept away from crowded public places (such as schools, preschools, play groups, daycare centers, supermarkets) and should remain home until their physician advises them otherwise.